Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy (JMPEE)
TITLE	Permittivity of Naphthenic Acid-Water Mixture [PDF]
AUTHORS	Sabyasachi Mishra, Venkatesh Meda and Ajay Dalai 2007 41 2 18-29
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Abstract Naphthenic acid (NA) is predominantly a mono-carboxylic acid obtained as a by-product of petroleum refining with variable composition and ingredients. It is reported that water affected by processes in the petroleum industries generally contains 40-120 mg/L of naphthenic acid which is considered to be in the range of toxicity to human consumption [Clemente et. al, 2005; McMartin, 2003]. This contaminated water needs treatment before its use as drinking water by remote communities. Recent literature suggests that NAs could be separated from diesel fuel using microwave radiation [Lingzhao et. al, 2004]. Removal of naphthenic acid from vacuum cut #1 distillate oil of Daqing using microwaves has also been reported by Huang et. al [2006]. The microwave treatment can be applied to drinking water containing small concentrations of naphthenic acid. In this case permittivity information is useful in designing a microwave applicator and modeling studies. Permittivity measurements were done using a HP 8510 Vector Network Analyzer and coaxial probe reflection method to study the dielectric properties of naphthenic acid in water. The effects of process variables such as frequency, concentration and temperature on dielectric properties were determined.